1/4h LabO #185: The Sensorimotor Loop or Perception-Action

Introduction to the Sensorimotor Loop

Hello everyone! Today, we will explore a fascinating concept: the sensorimotor loop. Every movement we make, even the simplest, relies on a complex interaction between our brain and our senses. In other words, I move to perceive, and I perceive to move.

What is the Sensorimotor Loop?

The sensorimotor loop is a process through which our brain captures sensory information, processes it, and transforms it into actions. This mechanism is fundamental for our balance and coordination, as well as our survival.

Types of Sensory Information

Sensory information comes from our environment and our body. Here, we talk about interoception, proprioception, and exteroception. To illustrate, if you accidentally touch a hot surface, the sensory receptors in your skin send a signal to your brain. The brain quickly analyzes the situation and sends a command to your muscles to withdraw your hand, often before you even become aware of the heat.

The Role of Sensory Systems

Sensory systems are the gateway for the information needed to produce movements. The three main systems involved in the sensorimotor loop are:

1. Vision

Vision plays a central role in the coordination and precision of our movements. It allows us to perceive objects, estimate distances, and coordinate our actions.

2. Proprioception

Proprioception helps us sense the position and movement of our joints and limbs without needing to look at them. This is essential for adjusting our movements and posture.

3. The Vestibular System

The vestibular system, located in the inner ear, is responsible for balance and body orientation in space. It detects head movements and helps stabilize our posture.

The Motor Response

The motor response is the process of transforming sensory information into actions. Once the brain has processed the information, it sends commands to the muscles to carry out the necessary action. This process involves several brain regions, such as the motor cortex, which plans and executes movements.

Neural Plasticity and Adaptation

Neural plasticity plays a crucial role in this process. It allows the brain to adapt to past errors and improve its predictions. This explains why some athletes can enhance their performance through training.

Conclusion

In summary, every movement we make is the result of a complex collaboration between our sensory and motor systems. The sensorimotor loop is essential not only for improving physical performance but also for rehabilitation after an injury. Understanding this process can help movement professionals better support their patients, whether they are athletes, children, or elderly individuals.

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